TY - GEN
T1 - Investigating remote driving over the LTE network
AU - Liu, Ruilin
AU - Kwak, Daehan
AU - Devarakonda, Srinivas
AU - Bekris, Kostas
AU - Iftode, Liviu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).
PY - 2017/9/24
Y1 - 2017/9/24
N2 - Remote driving brings human operators with sophisticated perceptual and cognitive skills into an over-the-network control loop, with the hope of addressing the challenging aspects of vehicular autonomy based exclusively on artificial intelligence (AI). This paper studies the human behavior in a remote driving setup, i.e., how human remote drivers perform and assess their workload under the state-of-the-art network conditions. To explore this, we build a scaled remote driving prototype and conduct a controlled human study with varying network delays based on current commercial LTE network technology. The study demonstrates that remote driving over LTE is not immediately feasible, primarily caused by network delay variability rather than delay magnitude. In addition, our findings indicate that the negative effects of remote driving over LTE can be mitigated by a video frame arrangement strategy that regulates delay magnitude to achieve a smoother display.
AB - Remote driving brings human operators with sophisticated perceptual and cognitive skills into an over-the-network control loop, with the hope of addressing the challenging aspects of vehicular autonomy based exclusively on artificial intelligence (AI). This paper studies the human behavior in a remote driving setup, i.e., how human remote drivers perform and assess their workload under the state-of-the-art network conditions. To explore this, we build a scaled remote driving prototype and conduct a controlled human study with varying network delays based on current commercial LTE network technology. The study demonstrates that remote driving over LTE is not immediately feasible, primarily caused by network delay variability rather than delay magnitude. In addition, our findings indicate that the negative effects of remote driving over LTE can be mitigated by a video frame arrangement strategy that regulates delay magnitude to achieve a smoother display.
KW - Feedback delay
KW - Human-vehicle interaction
KW - Remote driving
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85032488290&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1145/3122986.3123008
DO - 10.1145/3122986.3123008
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85032488290
T3 - AutomotiveUI 2017 - 9th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Proceedings
SP - 264
EP - 269
BT - AutomotiveUI 2017 - 9th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Proceedings
PB - Association for Computing Machinery, Inc
T2 - 9th ACM International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2017
Y2 - 24 September 2017 through 27 September 2017
ER -